Lassa fever: Prevent Avoidable harm.

Lassa fever is a zoonotic disease, meaning that humans become infected from contact with infected animals.

The animal reservoir, or host, of the Lassa virus, is a rodent. "The infected rodent do not become ill, but they can shed the virus in their urine and feces", the World Health Organization says.

Diagnosis

Because the clinical course of the disease is so variable, detection of the disease in affected patients has been difficult. Lassa virus infections can only be diagnosed definitively in the laboratory using the following tests:

• Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay

• Antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

• Antigen detection tests

• Virus isolation by cell culture.

Between January 1 and 24, 2020, Nigeria have recorded 163 confirmed cases and 24 deaths from nine states across the country. These were obtained from the NCDC website (www.ncdc.gov.ng).

Currently, there is no vaccine to protect against Lassa fever.

Symptoms of Lassa fever

According to the World Health Organization, “the incubation period of Lassa fever ranges from 6–21 days”. The onset of the disease, when it is symptomatic, is usually gradual, starting with;

• Fever

• General weakness, and

• Malaise

After a few days;

• Headache

• Sore throat

• Muscle pain

• Chest pain

• Nausea

• Vomiting

• Diarrhea

• Cough and abdominal pain may follow.

In severe cases, facial swelling, fluid in the lung cavity, bleeding from the mouth, nose, vagina or gastrointestinal tract and low blood pressure may develop.

Protein may be noted in the urine. Shock, seizures, tremors, disorientation, and coma may be seen in the later stages. Deafness occurs in 25% of patients who survive the disease. In half of these cases, hearing returns partially after 1–3 months. Transient hair loss and gait disturbance may occur during recovery.

Death usually occurs within 14 days of onset in fatal cases. The disease is especially severe late in pregnancy, with maternal death and/or fetal loss occurring in more than 80% of cases during the third trimester.

Prevention and Control

Prevention of Lassa fever relies on promoting good “community hygiene” to discourage rodents from entering homes. Effective measures include;

• Storing grain and other foodstuffs in rodent-proof containers

• Disposing of garbage far from the home

• Maintaining clean households.

• Family members should always be careful to avoid contact with blood and body fluids while caring for sick persons.

Health-care workers caring for patients with suspected or confirmed Lassa fever should apply extra infection control measures to prevent contact with the patient’s blood and body fluids and contaminated surfaces or materials such as clothing and bedding.

Laboratory workers are also at risk. Samples taken from humans and animals for investigation of Lassa virus infection should be handled by trained staff and processed in suitably equipped laboratories under maximum biological containment conditions.

General public should rely on strengthening measures such as ensuring proper sanitation, “these measures also depend on personal responsibility as we all have a role to play in preventing the spread of Lassa fever”, said, Director-General of the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Dr. Chikwe Ihekweazu while commenting on recent outbreak and efforts by the agency to contain the situation.

Treatment and prophylaxis

The antiviral drug ribavirin seems to be an effective treatment for Lassa fever if given early on in the course of clinical illness. There is no evidence to support the role of ribavirin post-exposure prophylactic treatment for Lassa fever, the World Health Organization says.

Source: The WHO and NCDC

Coronavirus: All You Need To Be Safe.

At least 26 people have died from a new coronavirus in China following an outbreak in the central city of Wuhan, Chinese officials say.

According to the World Health Organization, coronaviruses are a family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

These viruses are transmitted between animals and people.

What scientists are doing

Across the globe, scientists are trying to create a vaccine for the new virus. But don't expect it anytime soon.

How to protect yourself

Avoid close contact with anyone showing symptoms of respiratory illness, such as coughing and sneezing, the World Health Organization says.

Other symptoms of this coronavirus include fever and shortness of breath. Severe cases can lead to pneumonia, kidney failure, and even death.

Scientists believe this coronavirus started in another animal and then spread to humans. So health officials recommend cooking meat and eggs thoroughly.

How to protect others

If you have cold-like symptoms you can help protect others by doing the following

• visiting a health care provider

• Avoid close contact with others

• Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze, then throw the tissue in the trash and wash your hands

• Clean and disinfect objects and surfaces, the World Health Organization says.

But, in general, the public should do "what you do every cold and flu season," said Dr. John Wiesman, the health secretary in Washington state -- where the first US case of Wuhan coronavirus was confirmed.

That includes washing your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.

If you're the one feeling sick, cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze, and disinfect the objects and surfaces you touch.

If you or your doctor suspect you might have the Wuhan coronavirus, the CDC advises wearing a surgical mask.

What to do if you're planning to go to China

This virus is spreading at the worst possible time of the year -- when millions of people are traveling to or within China for Lunar New Year celebrations.

Before traveling, the CDC recommends visiting a health care provider to make sure you have all the necessary vaccinations and travel medication.

Source: WHO and CDC

Utopian Healthcare: Now Hiring RNs!

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Job Title:

Clinical Nurse Educator.

Location: Lagos

Requirements

• Nursing clinical experience on a medical surgical unit is required.

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• Business management experience or related field is a plus.

• Master degree in nursing is a plus.

How to Apply Interested and qualified candidates should send their CV to info@utopiancareservices.org with “Clinical Nurse Educator” as the subject of the email.